LUCAS BITTENCOURT VASCONCELLOS

The purpose of this research is to study the relationships between Michel Foucault's archaeology, as formulated in The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, and Claude Lévi-Strauss's structuralist ethnology. Now, by highlighting the various criticisms that this work received when it was released, we observe that its reception was coordinated, first of all, by the death of man; however, as it developed, this reception tended to dissociate the Nietzschean character of archaeological theses from the reflective approach that the French philosopher maintained with ethnological structuralism, with the aim of framing Foucault's historical approach critically within the parameters of the current debate in France in the 1960s between philosophy and the human sciences. Thus, challenging the interpretative lines launched by the reception of The Order of Things, we propose that it is necessary to revitalize the Nietzschean character of Foucault's philosophy, represented by his interpretation of the death of God as the death of man, in order to understand how it becomes possible for the philosopher to appropriate structuralism in order to write a non-anthropological history.