This research analyzes the counter-intuitive aspect that physics has developed since the
historical period known as the Scientific Revolution. For this, the work analyzes Galileo's defense of heliocentrism in his book Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems, since such defense required the development of a new physics, which we seek to defend as a counterintuitive physics, to support this astronomic model. The work investigates three moments of Galileo's argumentation. The first, in relation to the rotation of the Earth, configures the problem of vertical fall and the analogy of the ship. The second refers to the Earth's translational
movement and comprises the problems of planet retrogradation, the problem of planet
brightness and stellar parallax. Finally, we also investigate Galileo's argument about sunspots. All these problems, in order to be solved, require a new conceptualization of reality. It takes a departure from our everyday perceptions and the implementation of counterintuitive concepts
to explain this new phenomenal reality. In this way, we analyze characteristics in Galileo's argumentation that have contributed to the development of a counterintuitive theorization in physics, such as the use of analogies, thought experiments and the adoption of perspective in the treatment of physical phenomena.
Key-words: counterintuitive, classical physics, perspective, thought experiments, Galileo Galilei