José Antonio Espínola

This project proposes a reinterpretation of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit based on his early writings, especially from the Difference Essay (1801) onward. We begin with the reading that the Phenomenology realizes a project already formulated in these early texts: the overcoming of the so-called “philosophies of reflection,” a name Hegel uses to describe modern philosophical systems—such as Kant’s—that assume the separation between subject and object as insurmountable. In this context, the Phenomenology performs an immanent overcoming of these philosophies by constructing the absolute for consciousness